Abstract
The energy transition is one of the main challenges of our society and therefore a major driver for the scientific community. To ensure a smart transition to a sustainable future energy scenario different technologies such as energy harvesting using solar cells or windmills and chemical storage in batteries, super-capacitors or hydrogen have to be developed and ultimately deployed. New fabrication approaches based on additive manufacturing and the digitalization of the industrial processes increase the potential to achieve highly efficient and smart technologies required to increase the competitiveness of clean energy technologies against fossil fuels. In this frame, the present roadmap highlights the tremendous potential of 3D printing as a new route to fully automate the manufacturing of energy devices designed as digital files. This article gives numerous guidelines to maximize the performance and efficiency of the next generation of 3D printed devices for the energy transition while reducing the waste of critical raw materials. In particular, the paper is focused on the current status, present challenges and the expected and required advances of 3D printing for the fabrication of the most relevant energy technologies such as fuel cells and electrolysers, batteries, solar cells, super-capacitors, thermoelectric generators, chemical reactors and turbomachinery.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 011501 |
| Journal | JPhys Energy |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2022 |
Funding
The presented hybrid manufactured Blisk was additively build up in a project funded by the initiative: International Center for Turbomachinery Manufacturing ‘ICTM’. For the sponsorship and the support, we wish to express our sincere gratitude. This work has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under Grant Agreement No. 874577 (NEWSOC) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the Grant PID2019-107106RB-C31 (RETOS, 3DPROGRESS). The authors also acknowledge the Innovation Fund Denmark for their funding under the Grant HYMEK (Innovationsfonden Grant Agreement 9065-00196B). This work was funded by the Office of Fossil Energy of the US Department of Energy. This work was supported by the Faraday Institution Grant FIR015 (Nextrode). This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research—Technology and Production Sciences (DFF 7017-00356). X Hou wish to thank the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding his stay in Denmark (No. 201906320278). X Hou and J Wang acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11702243, 11672264, 11972320). X Hou thank ‘2019 Zhejiang University Academic Award for Outstanding Doctoral Candidates’ for the support. K Engelbrecht acknowledge support from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Contract 8022-00277B). E P acknowledges European Commission (HCCAT 720996) for funding. R A acknowledges KU Leuven (Projects STG/14/ 07BF and C24/16/022), FWO (1516717N) and the European Commission (H2020-RIA Project, HCCAT 720996) for funding. S K acknowledges funding from Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO-Odysseus II).
Keywords
- 3D printing
- additive manufacturing
- batteries
- fuel cells
- solar cells
- supercapacitors
- thermoelectrics
