Model output data and climate input data associated with the New Phytologist publication: Walker, A.P., Quaife, T., van Bodegom, P.M., De Kauwe, M.G., Keenan, T.F., Joiner, J., Lomas, M.R., MacBean, N., Xu, C., Yang, X., Woodward, F.I., 2017. The impact of alternative trait-scaling hypotheses for the maximum photosynthetic carboxylation rate (Vcmax) on global gross primary production. New Phytologist 215, 1370–1386. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14623. This dataset contains maximum carboxylation rate at 25 ºC (Vcmax,25), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Biome Production (NBP), vegetation carbon and soil carbon data from SDGVM for multiple trait-scaling methods for scaling Vcmax,25 across Earth, and alternative instantaneous temperature scaling functions. Vcmax,25 values are mean top-leaf values taken during the growing seasons, which were defined as periods during which leaf area index (LAI) was greater than one. Vcmax,25 values were reported prior to scaling of Vcmax by water-stress or leaf-age. The attached metadata file (SDGVM_vcmax_dataset.docx) describes the methods used and explains the organization of data within the included .tar file.